说明
家里 PVE 服务器创建的 Centos7 虚拟机由于当时创建的时候只选了 20G，并且采用了 UEFI 引导，结果这段时间容量快满了，不想加另外一盘通过挂载来搞，所以就基于原盘进行扩容。
要求
增加 10G 将原来的 20G 扩容成 30G
实施
后台磁盘扩容
查看扩容后磁盘大小 以及 分区类型
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 62914560 sectors, 30.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): E8568926-5BBE-49AB-82E8-24044A0B914E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1024.0 MiB 0700
3 2508800 20969471 8.8 GiB 8E00
4 20969472 41943006 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
扩容
将扩容部分创建为新分区并设置为 8E00 分区类型
由于原来创建分区容量有一点未使用空间，现先将的未使用空间创建一个新分区
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 62914560 sectors, 30.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): E8568926-5BBE-49AB-82E8-24044A0B914E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1024.0 MiB 0700
3 2508800 20969471 8.8 GiB 8E00
4 20969472 41943006 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (5-128, default 5):
First sector (34-2047, default = 34) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (34-2047, default = 2047) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00
Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'
Command (? for help): w
Warning! Secondary header is placed too early on the disk! Do you want to
correct this problem? (Y/N): y
Have moved second header and partition table to correct location.
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
The operation has completed successfully.
删掉上面新建的分区，让其合并进扩容容量中，在进行扩容部分的新分区创建
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 62914560 sectors, 30.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): E8568926-5BBE-49AB-82E8-24044A0B914E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 62914526
Partitions will be aligned on 2-sector boundaries
Total free space is 20971520 sectors (10.0 GiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1024.0 MiB 0700
3 2508800 20969471 8.8 GiB 8E00
4 20969472 41943006 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
5 34 2047 1007.0 KiB 8E00 Linux LVM
Command (? for help): d
Partition number (1-5): 5
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 62914560 sectors, 30.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): E8568926-5BBE-49AB-82E8-24044A0B914E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 62914526
Partitions will be aligned on 2-sector boundaries
Total free space is 20973534 sectors (10.0 GiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1024.0 MiB 0700
3 2508800 20969471 8.8 GiB 8E00
4 20969472 41943006 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (5-128, default 5):
First sector (34-62914526, default = 41943008) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (41943008-62914526, default = 62914526) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00
Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 62914560 sectors, 30.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): E8568926-5BBE-49AB-82E8-24044A0B914E
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 62914526
Partitions will be aligned on 2-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2015 sectors (1007.5 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 411647 200.0 MiB EF00 EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1024.0 MiB 0700
3 2508800 20969471 8.8 GiB 8E00
4 20969472 41943006 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
5 41943008 62914526 10.0 GiB 8E00 Linux LVM
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
The operation has completed successfully.
显示设备和分区的概要信息
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# partprobe -s
/dev/sda: gpt partitions 1 2 3 4 5
显示现在可用块设备的信息
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda3 8:3 0 8.8G 0 part
│ ├─centos_centos--template-root 253:0 0 17.8G 0 lvm /
│ └─centos_centos--template-swap 253:1 0 1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
├─sda4 8:4 0 10G 0 part
│ └─centos_centos--template-root 253:0 0 17.8G 0 lvm /
└─sda5 8:5 0 10G 0 part
显示现在物理卷
root@drone-runner-exec ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos_centos-template
PV Size 8.80 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2253
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2253
PV UUID QltmTV-hBoU-pASF-ioB9-llMd-AVgD-o766Qw
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name centos_centos-template
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2559
PV UUID IBn2Rz-RURW-jrbM-Ijik-LXK5-73uj-5czCPv
将新建分区初始化为物理卷
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created.
显示当前最新物理卷
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos_centos-template
PV Size 8.80 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2253
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2253
PV UUID QltmTV-hBoU-pASF-ioB9-llMd-AVgD-o766Qw
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda4
VG Name centos_centos-template
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.98 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2559
PV UUID IBn2Rz-RURW-jrbM-Ijik-LXK5-73uj-5czCPv
"/dev/sda5" is a new physical volume of "<10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name
PV Size <10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID dwGjV0-M3JC-vczv-pM25-qyH5-5pgo-BbtVGf
显示现有 LVM 卷组的信息
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos_centos-template
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <18.80 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4812
Alloc PE / Size 4812 / <18.80 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID JagpPX-SGkz-UurK-7pJH-UxZD-HFTh-7invRM
向 LVM 卷组中添加物理卷
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# vgextend centos_centos-template /dev/sda5
Volume group "centos_centos-template" successfully extended
调整 LVM 卷组中逻辑卷的空间大小
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/centos_centos-template/root
Size of logical volume centos_centos-template/root changed from <17.80 GiB (4556 extents) to 27.79 GiB (7115 extents).
Logical volume centos_centos-template/root successfully resized.
更新文件系统信息
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos_centos--template-root isize=512 agcount=10, agsize=511232 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4665344, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4665344 to 7285760
验证扩容成功
[root@drone-runner-exec ~]# df -lh
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.6M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos_centos--template-root 28G 2.1G 26G 8% /
/dev/sda2 1014M 187M 828M 19% /boot
/dev/sda1 200M 12M 189M 6% /boot/efi
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0